Supplementing Sulfate-Based Alginate Polysaccharide Improves Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed Fishmeal Replacement with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate: Effects on Growth, Intestinal Health, and Disease Resistance

Sulfate-based alginate polysaccharide (SAP) is a novelty marine prebiotic. To investigate the beneficial effects of SAP in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed low-fishmeal diets, six diets (whole fishmeal group: FM; replacement with cottonseed protein concentrate and supplementary groups: SAP0, SAP1, SAP2, SAP3, SAP4) were formulated for 56 days. The results showed that SAP2 SAP3 groups reached best weight gain specific growth rate ( P < 0.05 ). In serum, activities lysozyme acid phosphatase trend firstly increased then decreased id="M2"> gut, highest trypsin, lipase, amylase found id="M3"> ); histological indexes gradually improved levels id="M4"> sequencing microbiota revealed composition structure have been improved, especially decreasing abundance Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Candidatus Bacilloplasma at genus level. Besides, transcriptomics degree similarity differential gene expression patterns shrimp; comparison RNA-Seq qRT-PCR verified antioxidant immunity shrimp. challenge strengthened resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Totally, to growth, intestinal health, disease Based on polynomial curve analysis among SAPs groups, optimum level was 1.91%.